LADO – Managing Allegations Against Those Who Work or Volunteer With Children – Procedure

Managing Allegations Against Those Who Work or Volunteer with Children – LADO Process

Scope of this Procedure:

This procedure outlines the key roles and responsibilities to be undertaken when responding to allegations against staff or volunteers who work with children. 

HM Government Guidance Working Together to Safeguard Children 2023 requires organisations and agencies working with children and families to have clear policies for dealing with allegations against people who work with children, defined in Working Together 2023 as “People in Positions of Trust”.

All references within this document to people who work with children, employment, relevant person and / or member of staff should be interpreted as meaning all paid or unpaid staff, supply staff and volunteers and this includes Foster Carers and prospective Adopters.  This could also include staff and / or volunteers who are under 18 years of age. All references to employers should be interpreted as meaning any agency or organisation with responsibility for paid or unpaid staff and volunteers, including Foster Carers and prospective Adopters.  All references to child, children or young people refers to persons under the age of 18 years, in this document referred to as “child”.

Working Together to Safeguarding Children 2023 identifies the role of the Local Authority Designated Officer (LADO) as that of managing and having oversight of individual cases, provision of advice and guidance to employers and voluntary organisations, liaison with the police and other agencies and the monitoring of cases to make sure they are dealt with as quickly as possible and are consistent with a thorough and fair process. 

Department for Education Guidance Keeping Children Safe in Education 2024 outlines additional roles and responsibilities to be undertaken when responding to allegations against teachers, members of staff or volunteers in schools or colleges that provide education for children under 18 years. 

In line with Working Together to Safeguard Children 2023 and Keeping Children Safe in Education 2024, these NYSCP procedures should be applied when there is an allegation that any person who works with children has:

• behaved in a way that has harmed a child, or may have harmed a child, and /or
• possibly committed a criminal offence against or related to a child, and / or
• behaved towards a child or children in a way that indicates they may pose a risk of harm to children, and / or
• behaved or may have behaved in a way that indicates they may not be suitable to work with children.

Fig:1

(Also known as the harm/ risk/ suitability threshold or the threshold for LADO initiating the allegation management process.)  

This procedure includes all those identified as working with children as outlined in the paragraph above.

Transferable Risk: An allegation can relate to behaviour outside work, and / or relationships with others, and will consider if the person who works with children has behaved or may have behaved in a way that indicates they may not be suitable to work with children, the following are examples of safeguarding concerns that could be considered:

• when, as a parent or carer, children have become subject to Child Protection Procedures
• possession of a weapon, serious drug offences, extremist behaviour / publicly expressing extremist views, domestic abuse and/or sexual or physical assaults of an adult
• where they are closely associated with someone in their personal lives (e.g. partner, member of the family or other household member) who may present a risk of harm to a child for whom the adult is responsible for in their work / volunteering

This will enable an assessment to be undertaken, by the employer / organisation, to consider if there are any concerns of transferability of risk of harm to children they work or volunteer with.

Transferable risk will also be considered if there is an allegation relating to a person’s employment / volunteering where they also have another employment / volunteering role(s).   (eg. allegation against a teacher who also is a volunteer football coach).

These NYSCP procedures should be followed where a person’s employment is covered by The Childcare Act 2006 and where they are living in the same household where another person who is disqualified also lives or is employed (a person is disqualified if they are found to have committed’ an offence which is included in the 2009 Regulations (a relevant offence). See statutory guidance: The Childcare (Disqualification) and Childcare (Early Years Provision Free of Charge) (Extended Entitlement) (Amendment Regulations 2018 (“the 2018 Regulations”).

Please note the examples provided above are not exhaustive, if in doubt, seek advice from the LADO.

Whilst not specifically covered by statutory guidance, safeguarding concerns involving family members and/or associates of individuals to which this procedure applies should also be considered and discussed with the LADO for risk to be fully assessed.  (For example, someone who works in a nursery whose partner is under investigation for sexual offences involving a child).  Reporting such concerns to the LADO, will ensure that enquiries are undertaken to review whether the association poses any risk to children through their work. 

These NYSCP procedures should also be followed where allegations are made against an under 18-year-old who is in a position of trust in relation to anyone under the age of 18. For example, where they might be involved in sport, babysitting or in youth / community activities.

Where an allegation reported to the LADO involves a person who also works in the adult workforce, the LADO will contact the relevant Local Authority Adult Safeguarding Lead to establish who will assume lead responsibility for management and oversight of the case.  The LADO will continue to have responsibility for the management and oversight of action required in line with this NYSCP procedure. 

The LADO does not manage individual complaints or grievances relating to any investigation or action by a third party.  Individual organisations have responsibility to manage any complaints in line with their own procedures.

The effectiveness of these procedures is monitored and evaluated by the NYSCP.   

Supply Staff:  Whilst schools and colleges are not the employer of supply staff they should ensure allegations are dealt with properly.   In no circumstances should a school or college decide to cease to use a supply member of staff due to safeguarding concerns without finding out the facts and liaising with the Agency and the LADO. Agencies should be fully involved and co-operate in any enquiries from the police, Children and Families and / or the LADO.  

Organisations or individuals using premises:  Where an organisation receives an allegation in relation to another organisation or individual using their premises for the purpose of running activities for children, they should follow their safeguarding policies and procedures, including informing the LADO.

Relevant Statutory Guidance:

• HM Government: Working Together to Safeguard Children 2023
• Department for Education: Keeping Children Safe in Education 2024
• Safeguarding Vulnerable Groups Act 2006
• Protection of Freedoms Act 2012
• Childcare Act 2006
• The Childcare (Disqualification) and Childcare (Early Years Provision Free of Charge) (Extended Entitlement) (Amendment Regulations 2018 (“the 2018 Regulations”)
• Department for Education:  Use of Reasonable Force Advice July 2013
• Children’s Homes (England) Regulations 2015
• HM Government: Information Sharing Practice Guidance
• Disclosure and Barring Service Guidance Disclosure and Barring Service – GOV.UK (www.gov.uk)
• North Yorkshire Safeguarding Children Partnership website www.safeguardingchildren.co.uk

Relevant Definitions:

Working Together to Safeguard Children 2023 defines an allegation as where a relevant individual has:

• Behaved in a way that has harmed a child, or may have harmed a child
• Possibly committed a criminal offence against or related to a child
• Behaved towards a child or children in a way that indicates they may pose a risk of harm to children
• Behaved or may have behaved in a way that indicates they may not be suitable to work with children

This has been incorporated in to the NYSCP procedures.

Working Together to Safeguard Children 2023 does not include a definition of “harm”, Section 31(9) of the Children Act 1989, as amended by the Adoption and Children Act 2002 identify the definition of harm as:

• Harm means ill-treatment or impairment of health or development including for example impairment suffered from seeing or hearing the ill-treatment of another
• Development means physical, intellectual, emotional, social or behavioural development
• Health means physical or mental health
• Ill-treatment includes sexual abuse and forms of ill-treatment, which are not physical.

Harm is defined in Section 31(9) of the Children Act 1989 as amended by the Adoption and Children Act 2002. Harm means ill-treatment or impairment of health or development including for example impairment suffered from seeing or hearing the ill-treatment of another. This therefore includes allegations in relation to sexual, physical, emotional harm and / or neglect.  Both Working Together 2023 and Keeping Children Safe in Education 2024 include definitions and examples of the above categories of abuse and further examples are outlined below.  This procedure can also be used where there appear to be patterns of behaviour that cause concern.

In addition to definitions outlined in Working Together 2023 and Keeping Children Safe in Education 2024:

Sexual harm could include allegations of inappropriate sexual behaviour including, but not limited to:                

• Engaging in sexual activity with a child under 18 if in a position of trust in respect of that child, even if consensual (Sections16-19 Sexual Offences Act 2003)
• Grooming – meeting a child under 16 with intent to commit a relevant offence (Section15 Sexual Offences Act 2003)
• Other grooming behaviour giving rise to concerns of a broader child protection nature (for example: inappropriate communication and contact – texts, e-mail messages or the sending or receiving of images and gifts)
• Possession, distribution and/or making of indecent photographs / pseudo-photographs of children

Physical harm could include, but not limited to:

• Hitting or throwing something at a child
• Restraints where, for example, the force used was unreasonable or disproportionate, where the restraint was unwarranted in the circumstances, or could have been reasonably avoided, or where the injuries are not consistent with the level of force reported
• Cases when seclusion has been used in other than exceptional circumstances

Emotional harm could include, but is not limited to:

• Deliberately silencing or making fun of what children are saying or how they communicate
• Serious bullying causing children to feel frightened or in danger

Neglect could include, but is not limited to:

• Failing to provide adequate supervision
• Failing to ensure access to appropriate medical care or treatment

Working Together to Safeguard Children 2023 and Keeping Children Safe in Education 2024 do not provide a definition of working with children.  The LADO will determine this on a case-by-case basis, and it will include all those who would be seen to be in a position of trust, regardless of whether they are in Regulated Activity.

If there is any doubt, contact should be made with the LADO to discuss and agree whether the criteria are met.

Non-Recent (Historical), Organised and Complex Abuse Procedures:

Disclosures of child abuse are sometimes made by adults and young people some time after the abuse has occurred.  For the purposes of this NYSCP procedure, non-recent abuse is defined as where the reported abuse occurred over one year before it was disclosed and/or reported.   Non recent allegations against a person who has worked with children, or who currently works with children, must be reported to the LADO. 

It is important to find out whether the person against whom the allegation has been made is still working and / or volunteering with children, in North Yorkshire or elsewhere.  The LADO will work with relevant agencies to try to establish whether this is the case and whether the current employer / organisation should be informed.  

Investigators should be alert to the signs of organised or widespread abuse and/or the involvement of other perpetrators or institutions. Where relevant, the LADO will consult with the Head of Safeguarding (North Yorkshire Police and Children and Young People’s Service) to determine whether the matter should be considered in accordance with organised and/or complex abuse procedures, which, if applicable, will take priority. 

A copy of the Non-Recent, Organised and Complex Procedures can be accessed via the following link: 

NYSCP Non-Recent, Organised/Complex Abuse Procedures

Roles and Responsibilities:

Employer / Organisations

All organisations should identify a Senior Manager with responsibility for

• Ensuring their organisation deals with allegations in accordance with these procedures
• Resolving any inter-agency issues

Where there is no employer, organisation or regulatory body, the LADO will determine with the other agencies involved, who will inform the individual of the allegation and who will take forward any actions necessary in relation to the case.

All organisations (including School Governors, Trustees and Voluntary Organisations) must have clear policies in place setting out the process for investigation and what support and advice is available to individuals against whom allegations have been made.  The individual policies and procedures must explain what should happen when allegations about a member of staff and/or volunteer are raised and make a clear distinction between an allegation, a concern about the quality of care or practice, or a complaint. The policies and procedures must include the requirement to nominate a Senior Manager to whom the allegations are reported.  It should be the responsibility of the Senior Manager to report relevant allegations to, and liaise with, the LADO.  All policies and procedures should be consistent with this NYSCP Procedure and other relevant NYSCP Procedures and Practice Guidance. 

Relevant regulatory, governing or professional bodies that may not have a direct employment relationship with the individual have the responsibility to consider whether to continue to use an individual’s services, or to approve an individual for work with children in future, or to de-register the individual.

There is a legal duty for regulated activity providers and personnel suppliers to make a referral to the DBS where they have permanently removed a person from regulated activity through dismissal or permanent transfer from regulated activity, (or would have done if the person had not left, resigned, retired or been made redundant).

It is the responsibility of individual employers / organisations to ensure that they have access to HR and legal advice to support them with the allegations process.

Employers / organisations have a duty to co-operate with police investigations.

Local Authorities

In line with Working Together to Safeguard Children 2023 and Keeping Children Safe in Education 2024, NYC have a team of designated officers (LADOs) who are involved in the management and oversight of allegations against people who work with children.  These NYSCP Procedures provide advice and guidance to employers, organisations and agencies on how to deal with allegations against people who work with children. 

Whistle – blowing

All employers and organisations should ensure that staff are aware of relevant whistle-blowing policies and that their employees feel confident to voice concerns about the behaviour or actions of colleagues.   Whistle-blowing policies should include the procedure for reporting safeguarding concerns and the ability to directly report to the LADO in circumstances outlined below.

If an employee of an organisation believes that a reported allegation is not being dealt with appropriately by their organisation, they should report the matter to the LADO.

LADO

The LADO will:

• Receive reports about allegations relevant to this procedure and be involved in the management and oversight of such cases.
• Provide advice and guidance to employers and voluntary organisations.
• Liaise with police and other agencies, (for example, LADO will contact Ofsted, where there are concerns about childminders and childcare settings).
• Monitor the progress of cases to ensure they are dealt with as quickly as possible, consistent with a thorough and fair process.
• Provide advice and guidance to employers, organisations and regulated activity providers and personnel suppliers in relation to making referrals to DBS and/ or to relevant regulatory bodies including Ofsted and the Teacher Regulation Agency.

The LADO does not investigate allegations; their role is to ensure that an appropriate investigation is carried out by the appropriate organisation(s) / agency(s), or a combination of these.

The LADO / employer / organisation has the responsibility to ensure that any reported allegations against relevant individuals are not dealt with in isolation; this could include reviewing repeated concerns that have taken place over a period of time.  Any safeguarding and support requirements in relation to the child or children and other parties involved will be actioned as appropriate.   Where urgent this will be reported without delay and in all cases managed by those responsible in a co-ordinated way.

The NYC LADO will liaise with the LADO from another Local Authority area where there is a case that covers more than one Local Authority area.   The LADO case management will usually sit with the authority where the individual subject of an allegation works.  However, where appropriate, a joint LADO Allegation meeting may take place.

Police

North Yorkshire Police Detective Inspectors will:

• Have strategic oversight of the local police investigations for managing specific allegations against staff and volunteers. This will include, for example, responsibility for informing partners of changes to police practice (such as the changes to bail conditions) and keeping partners aware of the number of cases they are dealing with and any themes which emerge from them

• Ensure compliance with these NYSCP procedures.

Where the case involves a police investigation, the police officer for the case will have responsibility for liaising with the LADO on the progress of the case. Wherever possible the employer should ask the police to obtain consent from the individuals involved to share their statements and evidence for use in the employer disciplinary process. This should be done as their investigation proceeds and will enable the police to share relevant information without delay at the conclusion of their investigation or any court case.

The North Yorkshire Police Vulnerability Assessment Team are the designated leads to:

• Liaise with the LADOs
• Take part in relevant meetings / discussions
• Review the progress of cases in which there is a police investigation
• Share information as appropriate, during, and on, completion of an investigation or related prosecution

Children and Young Peoples Service  

NYC CYPS Children & Families will arrange Strategy meetings, undertake assessments and provide help and / or services where the criteria are met under Working Together to Safeguard Children 2023.   Where a Strategy meeting is held the LADO will attend and the Allegation Meeting will follow the Strategy meeting. Children & Families should seek to obtain consent from the individual to share their assessment so that any information obtained can be passed to the employer without delay.  

NYC CYPS Education and Skills and/or Inclusion will lead on safeguarding concerns relating to schools and settings where they do not relate to a named individual.

Initial Response to an Allegation:

Identification and initial action

An allegation raised about a relevant individual may arise from a number of sources, for example, a report from a child, an adult in the organisation, or a parent or carer.

Low Level Concerns   Keeping Children Safe in Education 2024 identifies concerns that do not meet the threshold for an allegation as “Low Level Concerns”.  If the concern does not meet the threshold that harm has, or may have been, caused, or that the behaviour does not indicate the individual may pose a risk of harm to children, the employer / organisation should address the concern through appropriate employment processes.   Details of the concern and actions taken should be recorded by the employer / organisation.

It may not always be clear whether an incident constitutes an allegation.  In such circumstances, advice should be sought from the LADO.   Any low level concerns discussed with the LADO, which are assessed as not meeting threshold, will be recorded by the LADO as a consultation only.

Where there appears to be a pattern of repeat low-level concerns, the organisation should consult with the LADO to determine if the harm threshold has been met.  Where this is the case the NYSCP procedures will apply.

The person to whom an allegation or concern is first reported, should treat the matter seriously and keep an open mind. They should not:

• Investigate or ask leading questions
• Make assumptions or offer alternative explanations
• Promise confidentiality

Allegations involving an immediate risk to a child or a safeguarding concern that requires an urgent response should be reported immediately to the police by calling 999 (emergency) or 101 (non-emergency). 

In all other cases (not reported directly to the police) the action should follow the organisation’s procedures, which should include the following:

• Making a written record of the information (where possible in the child / adult’s own words), including the time, date and place of incident/s, persons present and what was said
• Signing and dating the written record
• Immediately reporting the matter to the Senior Manager, or the Deputy in their absence or, where the Senior Manager is the subject of the allegation the nominated individual as per the organisation’s procedure

Reporting to LADO

The Senior Manager should review the information and:

• Identify whether it meets the harm/risk/suitability threshold for LADO initiating the allegation management process (see Fig 1) and is therefore an allegation. If so, they should follow the procedures below and make a notification to the NYC LADO within one working day.
• If the Senior Manager is unclear whether it meets the harm/risk/suitability threshold they should seek advice from the Duty LADO.

In urgent cases where the allegation or concern relates to an immediate risk to a child or safeguarding concern that requires an urgent response North Yorkshire Police and/or the NYC Emergency Duty Team for Children & Families should be contacted (see para 6.4).  North Yorkshire Police should be contacted on either 999 (Emergency) or 101 (Non-Emergency) and the Local Authority Emergency Duty Team on 0300 131 2 131.  In such cases, North Yorkshire Police or NYC Emergency Duty Team will advise on what information can initially be shared with any child, parent/carer, relevant individual and/or third parties.  The NYC LADO should be informed as soon as possible.

The NYC LADO notification form is on the NYSCP Website NYSCP (safeguardingchildren.co.uk) and should be completed and sent to lado@northyorks.gov.uk.

In all cases, the LADO will take appropriate advice from North Yorkshire Police and / or NYC CYPS Children & Families Team regarding what information can initially be shared with any child and/or children, parents and/or carers, relevant individual and/or third parties.   

Confidentiality and Information Sharing

The security and management of sensitive information is of paramount importance.  The LADO co-ordinates the sharing of information across organisations, however, in all cases where there is an on-going police investigation the police investigating officer will lead on the management of information sharing in relation to the police investigation.   The LADO will liaise closely with the police lead and the organisation lead to ensure that effective information sharing takes place. 

Every effort should be made to maintain confidentiality and guard against publicity while an allegation is being investigated or considered.   Apart from keeping the child, parents and accused person (where this would not place the child at further risk) up to date with progress of the case, information should be restricted to those who have a need to know in order to protect children, facilitate enquiries and manage any related disciplinary or suitability processes.

Section 13 of the Education Act 2011 introduced restrictions implemented in September 2012 on the publication of any information that would identify a teacher who is the subject of an allegation of misconduct that would constitute a criminal offence, where the alleged victim of the offence is a registered pupil at the school.

Such restrictions remain in place unless or until the teacher is charged with a criminal offence, though they may be dispensed with on the application to the Magistrates’ Court by any person, if the court is satisfied that it is in the interests of justice to do so, having regard to the welfare of:

• The person who is the subject of the allegation; and
• The victim of the offence to which the allegation relates.

There is a right of appeal to the Crown Court.

This restriction will apply to allegations made against any teacher who works at a school, including supply and peripatetic teachers. School includes Academies, Free Schools, Independent Schools and all types of maintained schools.

There is an offence of publishing any information in breach of these restrictions. Publication includes any communication, in whatever form, which is addressed to the public at large or any section of the public.

Effective sharing of information with other professionals is vital to safeguard and promote the welfare of children.   The General Data Protection Regulations (GDPR) provide a framework to ensure that information is shared appropriately, and further guidance is available on the NYSCP website: Information Sharing

Initial Consideration by LADO:

 

Initial Consideration by LADO

The LADO will make an initial assessment, from the information provided in the notification, to determine if the threshold for implementing these procedures is met:

• In cases where it is not clear whether the threshold has been met, the employer/organisation and the NYC LADO should discuss the incident and agree whether it meets threshold or not.   Consideration should be given to the risk or potential risk to both the child/children directly affected by the issue and any other children who may also be at risk.

• Where it is decided that the incident does not meet the threshold of harm /risk/ suitability then the employer/organisation should take steps to ensure any conduct or behaviour issues are addressed with the person through normal employment/organisation practices. There will be no further action from the LADO at this stage and the LADO will make a record.
• The LADO and the employer/organisation will agree and record the rationale for this decision.  In circumstances where there is disagreement about whether the threshold is met, the matter can be escalated to the LADO Manager.

There are three possible strands in the consideration of an allegation:

• A police investigation of a possible criminal offence
• NYC CYPS Children & Families enquiries and/or assessment about whether a child is in need of protection or services
• Consideration by an employer /organisation / regulatory body of any action in relation to possible performance/ conduct issues

The LADO will consult with a North Yorkshire Police designated lead in relation to all allegations that are of a sexual nature and any allegations of physical harm, emotional harm or neglect where there are concerns a criminal offence may have been committed.

The LADO will determine if a face-to-face Allegation Meeting is needed at this stage, or whether information can be shared effectively between relevant parties through a discussion.  This decision will be made on the complexity of the information to be shared and on the actions that will need to be determined.  Details of any discussions will be fully recorded and shared with those involved.

Prior to a meeting, it will be agreed between relevant parties what information can be shared with the employee, the child and their parent or carer.   It will be agreed what information needs to be brought to the meeting by those attending.

Allegation Management

The LADO will check that there are no potential conflicts of interest from those attending the meeting and, if so, consider how to manage the situation.

An Allegation Meeting / Discussion will decide and agree a strategy for managing the allegation.  Many cases can be managed through a discussion between the Senior Manager, the police, any other relevant agency and the LADO. Where communication is via phone or email, detailed records should be kept for audit purposes on the organisation’s case files.

An Allegation Meeting will normally only be convened where there is an allegation of a possible criminal offence and police are attending and / or where it is agreed by relevant parties that the case is complex.  

The Allegation Meeting / Discussion will be chaired by the LADO.  If there is evidence of a possible criminal offence it will be attended by the North Yorkshire Police (Police Lead), the social work manager for the child (where there is one], and the organisation’s nominated senior manager. Employers are advised to bring a Human Resources Advisor.   It may be appropriate to invite a regulatory body to attend e.g. for allegations against those involved in sporting activities or Ofsted in the case of Childminders and managers of Child Care settings.  Other relevant parties can, and will, be determined and invited on a case-by-case basis by the LADO. 

The Allegation Meeting / Discussion should:

• Check and record that there is no conflict of interest from those attending
• Agree information sharing and confidentiality
• Share all information known about the allegation and all actions to date
• Share all appropriate information about the person who is the subject of the allegation
• Consider the current allegation in the context of any previous allegations or concerns
• Ensure any specific information provided by any child, parent/carer, relevant individual and / or other party are considered
• Where appropriate, take account of any requirement by staff to use reasonable force to control or restrain children
• Consider whether a complex abuse investigation may be applicable
• Co-ordinate enquiries and agree the investigative strategy, including, if needed, Police  / Children & Families investigation / enquiries and agree timescales
• Consider whether any parallel disciplinary process can take place and agree protocols for sharing information
• Decide what information can be shared, with whom and when

The Allegation meeting / Discussion should:

• Record the evaluation of the information shared and any assessment of risk
• Record what arrangements are in place to manage the safeguarding of any child/ren involved and any other child/ren affected (by who and when)
• Record what support should be provided to all children who may be affected (by who and when) that have not already been identified and managed through strategy or complex case meetings
• Outline how the voice of the child and/or parent/carer will be “heard” and managed within an investigation and how they will be kept up to date with the progress of an investigation and the NYSCP process
• Record if a strategy meeting has been or will be held in relation to any of the children
• Record what support arrangements are in place for the relevant individual and others who may be affected and how they will be kept up to date with the progress of an investigation and the NYSCP process
• Ensure that any investigation can be sufficiently independent
• Ensure that a plan is in place by the employer/organisation to enable the relevant individual to make appropriate representation during an investigation and the NYSCP process
• Discuss whether suspension is appropriate and if there are any reasonable alternatives.   NB. The decision to suspend lies with the employer/organisation
• Identify a Lead Manager within each agency
• Agree appropriate timescales for any organisation updates to the LADO
• Consider and record strategic issues for the attention of relevant agency senior management (e.g. media interest, resource implications)
• Consider and record if a notification should be made, in terms of interim prohibition, to a regulatory body (by who and when)
• Agree dates for future Allegation meetings / discussions

Timescales

All allegations should be investigated as a priority by those concerned to avoid any delay.  The time taken to investigate and resolve individual cases depends on a variety of factors including the nature, seriousness and complexity of the allegation.

Consideration of Suspension

The power and decision to suspend lies with the employer/organisation.  Neither the Children & Families Service nor the police or the LADO can require employers or organisations to suspend a person.

However, where it is concluded that there should be enquiries by children’s social care and/or an investigation by the police, the LADO should canvass police and children’s social care for their views about whether the accused person needs to be suspended from contact with children in order to inform the employer’s/organisation’s consideration of suspension and they should give appropriate weight to their advice.

Suspension should be considered only in cases where there is cause to suspect a child or other children at the place of employment are at risk of harm or the case is so serious that it might be grounds for dismissal. The organisation’s nominated Senior Manager must consider carefully whether the circumstances warrant suspension from contact with  children and may wish to seek advice from their HR adviser and / or legal adviser and the LADO.  If the case involves a police investigation, then the police lead should also be included in any discussion as this may be relevant in relation to planned police investigatory action.

The organisation’s nominated Senior Manager should also consider whether the result that would be achieved by immediate suspension could be obtained by alternative arrangements.  Based on an assessment of risk by the employer, the following alternatives should be considered by the Senior Manager before suspending a member of staff:

• Redeployment so that the individual does not have direct contact with the child or children concerned
• Providing an assistant to be present when the individual has contact with children
• Redeploying to alternative work so the individual does not have unsupervised access to children
• Temporarily redeploying the member of staff to another role in a different location

If immediate suspension is considered necessary, the rationale and justification for such a course of action should be recorded by the Senior Manager and provided to the NYC LADO. This record should also include what alternatives to suspension have been considered and, if they were rejected, why.

Written confirmation of any suspension should be sent by the employer/organisation to the person subject to the allegation within one working day, giving as much detail as appropriate for the reasons for the suspension. They should be informed at the point of their suspension who their named contact is within the organisation and provided with that person’s contact details.  The LADO should be notified of any changes to suspension / alternative working arrangements made by the employer / organisation.

Any discussion on suspension should also consider any bail conditions that might be in place and be reviewed with the LADO in line with any changes that might be made to those bail conditions in the course of the police investigation.

In the case of foster carers, the responsible authority should give consideration as to whether the child or children can remain in the placement, and/or whether there should be temporary freezing of the placement.

Notifications and Responsibilities

It is the responsibility of the employer /organisation to inform the parent(s)/carer of any allegation that relates to their child. It is also the employer’s/ organisation’s responsibility to keep them up to date about the progress of the case. NB.  Where there is a Police investigation or NYC CYPS Children & Families Service enquiries this responsibility may pass to / or involve the Police or Children & Families by agreement. 

It is the responsibility of the employer /organisation to inform the individual that they are subject of an allegation and the details of that allegation, following agreement with the LADO and any other agencies about what can be shared.

It is the responsibility of the employer /organisation to keep the relevant individual up to date with the progress of the case and to give them the opportunity to participate fully in any investigation and to make full representation.

It is the responsibility of the employer /organisation to ensure the relevant individual is aware of the possible outcomes and the implications in terms of references and referrals.

At the conclusion of the case, it is the responsibility of the employer /organisation to formally inform the parent, child/ren and any other relevant individual of the outcome of the case and the outcome of any internal / disciplinary process, in confidence.

Monitoring and Outcomes:

Monitoring   

The NYC LADO should monitor and record the progress of each case, on a regular basis depending on its complexity, but usually on a monthly basis.  The final review will include discussions with Police, Employers, NYC CYPS Children & Families, as appropriate.  The LADO will convene review / update meetings / discussions as appropriate.

Outcomes

On concluding the case, there will be a final LADO Review meeting / Discussion involving all relevant parties who were involved in the initial meeting / discussion.

The Review meeting/ Discussion will consider relevant information gathered during the investigation and the outcome of the investigation.  The main purpose of the final meeting is to determine the outcome of the allegation(s) (in line with Working Together 2023 and Keeping Children Safe in Education 2024).  The possible outcomes include:

No Further Action: Allegation, after consideration, does not meet the criteria for these procedures

Substantiated: there is sufficient evidence to prove the allegation

False: there is sufficient evidence to disprove the allegation

Malicious: there is sufficient evidence to disprove the allegation and there has been a deliberate act to deceive

Unfounded: to reflect cases where there is no evidence or proper basis which supports the allegation being made

Unsubstantiated: there is insufficient evidence to prove or disprove the allegation. The term, therefore, does not imply guilt or innocence.

The final outcome of the allegation will be determined and recorded.

The employer will inform the relevant individual of the outcome in writing, including:

• A comprehensive summary of the allegation,
  • Details of how the allegation was followed up and resolved,
  • Relevant employer’s action taken and decisions reached,
  • Whether the allegation will be referred to in future references by the employer
  • How long any records will be retained by the employer
  • If there will be a referral to DBS and / or any regulatory body by the employer.

False and / or malicious allegations may be an indication of abuse elsewhere and this should be explored further to determine if the child might have been abused by someone else and, where appropriate, a referral made to the Children & Families Service.  

If there are any amendments to the final outcomes and decisions made it is the responsibility of the employer / organisation to inform the LADO of them.

Employment Record Keeping and References

Keeping Children Safe in Education 2024 indicates that details of allegations that are found to have been malicious should be removed from the employer’s personnel records.   In all other cases a details of the alleagtion investigation and outcome  should be kept on the employer’s/organisation’s confidential personal file of the relevant individual.  The purpose of the record is to enable accurate information to be given in response to any future request for a reference, where appropriate. It will provide clarification in cases where future DBS checks reveal information from the police about an allegation that did not result in a criminal conviction and it will help to prevent unnecessary re-investigation if an allegation re-surfaces after a period of time.

The record should be retained at least until the person subject to the allegation has reached normal pension age or for a period of 10 years from the date of the allegation if that is longer.

Substantiated allegations should be referred to in future references.  Cases in which an allegation was determined to be NFA, false, unsubstantiated, unfounded or malicious should not be included in references. A history of repeated concerns or allegations which have all been found to be false, unsubstantiated or malicious should also not be included in any reference.

The LADO will maintain a record of contacts made to them, case discussions and decisions.

Referral to Disclosure and Barring Service and Regulatory / Professional Bodies

There is a legal duty for a regulated activity provider (employers or volunteer managers of people working in regulated activity) and personnel suppliers to make a referral to the DBS when both of the following two conditions have been met:

Condition 1

• you withdraw permission for a person to engage in regulated activity with children and/or vulnerable adults. Or you move the person to another area of work that isn’t regulated activity.

This includes situations when you would have taken the above action, but the person was re-deployed, resigned, retired, or left. For example, a teacher resigns when an allegation of harm to a student is first made.

Condition 2

You think the person has carried out 1 of the following:

• engaged in relevant conduct in relation to children and/or adults. An action or inaction has harmed a child or vulnerable adult or put them at risk or harm or;
• satisfied the harm test in relation to children and / or vulnerable adults. eg there has been no relevant conduct but a risk of harm to a child or vulnerable still exists.or
• been cautioned or convicted of a relevant (automatic barring either with or without the right to make representations ) offence

Relevant conduct in relation to children

A child is a person under 18 years of age.

Relevant conduct is:

• endangers a child or is likely to endanger a child
• if repeated against or in relation to a child would endanger the child or be likely to endanger the child
• involves sexual material relating to children (including possession of such material)
• involves sexually explicit images depicting violence against human beings (including possession of such images)
• is of a sexual nature involving a child

A person’s conduct endangers a child if they:

• harm a child
• cause a child to be harmed
• put a child at risk of harm
• attempt to harm a child
• incite another to harm a child

If an allegation is substantiated and the person is dismissed, or the regulated activity provider or personnel supplier ceases to use the person’s service, or the person resigns or otherwise ceases to provide his/her services, there is a legal duty for the regulated activity provider or personnel supplier to make a referral to the DBS. 

Referrals should be made as soon as possible, following the decision to remove someone from regulated activity. This could include when an individual is suspended, redeployed to work that is not regulated activity, dismissed or when they have resigned.

Under the Safeguarding and Vulnerable Groups Act 2006 Local Authorities, Keepers of Registers and Supervisory Authorities have a legal power to refer. A referral can also be in the interests of safeguarding children where the person has not been removed from working in regulated activity.  This could include acting on advice of the police or a safeguarding professional, or in situations where there is not enough evidence to dismiss or remove a person from working with vulnerable groups.  Legal advice should be sought in such cases.

Full guidance is available on the DBS website:   Making barring referrals to the DBS – GOV.UK (www.gov.uk)

Early Years and Childcare Providers should inform Ofsted of any allegation of serious harm or abuse by any person living, working or looking after children at the premises. Ofsted should also be invited to take part in any subsequent meetings / discussions, as appropriate.

A senior manager or fostering agency should inform Ofsted of all allegations made against a foster carer, prospective adopter, or member of staff in a residential childcare facility.

If the relevant individual is a member of a regulatory or professional body a referral should be made to them as appropriate by the employer/organisation.

Resignations and Compromise Agreements

Organisations should continue their investigation if the person leaves, resigns or ceases to provide their services.  It is important that every effort should be made to reach a conclusion in all cases even if the individual refuses to cooperate, having been given a full opportunity to answer the allegation and make representations in person and / or in writing.

‘Settlement agreements’ (sometimes referred to as compromise agreements), by which a person agrees to resign if the employer agrees not to pursue disciplinary action, and both parties agree a form of words to be used in any future reference, should not be used in cases of refusal to cooperate or resignation before the person’s notice period expires.  It is important to reach and record a conclusion and to determine what action would have been taken, wherever possible, and to make a referral to DBS if the criteria are met.

Any settlement/compromise agreement that would prevent a regulated activity provider or personnel supplier making a DBS referral even though the criteria for referral are met, is likely to result in a criminal offence being committed as they would not be complying with their legal duty to make the referral.

Learning Lessons

At the final Review meeting / discussion, or at an earlier opportunity if appropriate, the LADO and the multiagency partners involved in the case,  should consider whether there are any areas for learning which have arisen from the specific case. This can involve discussions with other key managers involved with the incident or investigation. This could include areas for learning for LADO and / or for other employers / organisations / agencies, in relation to procedures or practice.  There should also be consideration as to whether it meets the threshold for a Learning Lessons Review under the NYSCP procedures.

New Information and Complaints

If any individual considers, after the conclusion of a case, that there exists substantial new / additional information that was not available at the Review Meeting, they can write to the NYC LADO Manager.  The LADO Manager will consider whether the information provided would have made a material difference to the outcome categorisation made at the Review Meeting and whether any further investigation or review is appropriate.  The LADO Manager will notify in writing to the reportee any determination made and/or action taken. 

Any complaint about any aspect of the investigation of an allegation, or specific action taken by organisations, should be directed to the relevant organisation.  In the case of a police investigation or action, this should be to the police force undertaking the investigation.  In the case of an employment/voluntary activity/ regulatory body related investigation or action, this should be to the organisation responsible.  The LADO is not responsible for the conduct of an investigation, or decisions made by specific organisations in furtherance of that organisation’s legislative or procedural requirements. 

Any complaint in relation to the application of the NYSCP Procedures that should be made in writing and directed to the LADO Manager. These cases will be considered under NYC and /or NYSCP procedures on a case by case basis.

Page reviewed: July 2024